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  • Introduction to Filters
  • Learning Lab
    • 7 Implementations of a Latching Circuit
    • 9 Ways to Implement Sinewave Oscillators
    • ATtiny85 Microprocessor
    • Block by Block featuring the MSP430
      • Lesson 1 – ADC Wake and Transmit on Threshold
      • Lesson 10 – Dual Output 8-Bit PWM DAC
      • Lesson 11 – Interfacing with I2C Sensors
      • Lesson 12 – USB-UART Bridge
      • Lesson 13 – Power Sequencing
      • Lesson 14 – Calendar and Tamper Detection
      • Lesson 2 – RGB LED Controller
      • Lesson 3 – Voltage Monitor with a Timestamp
      • Lesson 4 – Programmable Clock Source
      • Lesson 5 – SPI IO Expander
      • Lesson 6 – I2C IO Expander
      • Lesson 7 – External Programmable Watchdog Timer
      • Lesson 8 – External RTC With Backup Memory
      • Lesson 9 – 7-Segment LED Stopwatch
    • Examining Voltage Regulators
    • Implementing Reverse Polarity Protection
    • Introducing Operational Amplifiers featuring the LM741
    • Introduction to Flip-Flops
    • Opamps – A Deeper Look
    • The 74HC595 Shift Register
    • The LM334Z Constant Current Source
    • The LM355 Temperature Sensor
    • Why the 555 Still ROCKS After Half a Century
  • Learning Lab Advanced
    • A simple checklist for troubleshooting power-supply startup problems
    • An In-Depth look at LDO noise
    • Clearing the ambiguity with grounding in mixed-signal systems
    • Dealing with inrush currents for linear-regulators
    • Design of a low-cost push-pull DC-DC converter
    • Examining TVS’s for system-level ESD protection
    • Exploring a linear Li-ion battery charger
    • Exploring the claims of superior efficiency of synchronous converters
    • HACKS for high-speed circuit measurement
    • Implementing open-circuit protection for LED drivers
    • Practical Guide to PASSING EMC Compliance Tests (IEC 61000-4-x & CISPR 11)
    • The 5-step BLUEPRINT for a PCB layout for a step-down converter
    • The ULTIMATE showdown! Linear vs. switched-mode power supplies
    • The USB port as a source of power
    • Troubleshooting I2C Issues
  • Power Polarity Tester
  • Projects
    • 12 LED Projects For You To Sink Your Teeth Into
      • Part 1
      • Part 2
      • Part 3
      • Part 4
    • Adjustable Linear Power Supply (PSU)
      • Part 1
      • Part 2
    • Building a Two-Stage Audio Amplifier
    • Designing a Linear PSU
      • Part 1
      • Part 2
      • Part 3
    • DIY Soldering Kits
      • 8x8x8 LED Cube
      • Bluetooth Speaker
      • Digital Oscilloscope
      • DIY Signal Generator Kit
      • Electromagnetic Railgun
      • Electronic Clock
      • ESP01S Weather Forecast Clock
      • Ferris Wheel Kit
      • FM Radio
      • Game Kit
      • LED Audio Visualizer + Clock
      • LED Heart Kit
      • LM317 Adjustable DC Regulated PSU
      • Portable Light Source
      • Regulated PSU
      • Ultrasonic Range Finder
      • WS2812B Ring Kit
    • Emergency Vehicle Lights with Arduino
    • ESP32-Based LED Message Display
    • Historical-based Battle Horn
    • LM3915-based LED VU Meter
    • Motor Speed Controller
    • The Switched-Mode Power Supply (SMPS)
      • Part 1
      • Part 2
    • Tic Tac Toe
    • UCTRONICS Arduino Kit
      • Lesson 11 – 4-Digit 7-Segment Display
      • Lesson 12 – Controlling Servo Motor
      • Lesson 14 – Controlling Stepper Motor
      • Lesson 16 – LCD
      • Lesson 17 – Thermometer
      • Lesson 18 – Temperature Humidity Sensor
      • Lesson 19 – Joystick
      • Lesson 2 – Flowing Lights
      • Lesson 20 – Ultrasonic Distance Sensor
      • Lesson 21 – IR Receiver Remote
      • Lesson 22 – LED bar graph
      • Lesson 24 – RTC Module
      • Lesson 27 – Dot-Matrix Display
      • Lesson 28 – Frequency Meter
      • Lesson 4 – Controlling RGB LED with PWM
      • Lesson 8 – 7 Segment Display
  • REALLY Bright Flasher
  • Skills
Ahmad Sarraj - Electrical Engineer
  • Home
  • About
  • Projects
    • DIY Soldering Kits
      • Digital Oscilloscope
      • Portable Light Source
      • FM Radio
      • Bluetooth Speaker
      • LED Heart Kit
      • DIY Signal Generator Kit
      • 8x8x8 LED Cube
      • Regulated PSU
      • Ferris Wheel Kit
      • LED Audio Visualizer + Clock
      • Electronic Clock
      • ESP01S Weather Forecast Clock
      • Game Kit
      • LED Heart Kit
      • Electromagnetic Railgun
      • Ultrasonic Range Finder
      • LM317 Adjustable DC Regulated PSU
      • WS2812B Ring Kit
    • UCTRONICS Arduino Kit
      • Lesson 2 – Flowing Lights
      • Lesson 4 – Controlling RGB LED with PWM
      • Lesson 8 – 7 Segment Display
      • Lesson 12 – Controlling Servo Motor
      • Lesson 11 – 4-Digit 7-Segment Display
      • Lesson 14 – Controlling Stepper Motor
      • Lesson 16 – LCD
      • Lesson 17 – Thermometer
      • Lesson 18 – Temperature Humidity Sensor
      • Lesson 19 – Joystick
      • Lesson 20 – Ultrasonic Distance Sensor
      • Lesson 21 – IR Receiver Remote
      • Lesson 22 – LED bar graph
      • Lesson 24 – RTC Module
      • Lesson 27 – Dot-Matrix Display
      • Lesson 28 – Frequency Meter
    • 12 LED Projects For You To Sink Your Teeth Into
      • Part 1
      • Part 2
      • Part 3
      • Part 4
    • Designing a Linear PSU
      • Part 1
      • Part 2
      • Part 3
    • The Switched-Mode Power Supply (SMPS)
      • Part 1
      • Part 2
    • LM3915-based LED VU Meter
    • Building a Two-Stage Audio Amplifier
    • Emergency Vehicle Lights with Arduino
    • Historical-based Battle Horn
    • Motor Speed Controller
    • ESP32-Based LED Message Display
    • Tic Tac Toe
    • Power Polarity Tester
    • REALLY Bright Flasher
  • Learning Lab
    • Block by Block featuring the MSP430
      • Lesson 1 – ADC Wake and Transmit on Threshold
      • Lesson 2 – RGB LED Controller
      • Lesson 3 – Voltage Monitor with a Timestamp
      • Lesson 4 – Programmable Clock Source
      • Lesson 5 – SPI IO Expander
      • Lesson 6 – I2C IO Expander
      • Lesson 7 – External Programmable Watchdog Timer
      • Lesson 8 – External RTC With Backup Memory
      • Lesson 9 – 7-Segment LED Stopwatch
      • Lesson 10 – Dual Output 8-Bit PWM DAC
      • Lesson 11 – Interfacing with I2C Sensors
      • Lesson 12 – USB-UART Bridge
      • Lesson 13 – Power Sequencing
      • Lesson 14 – Calendar and Tamper Detection
    • ATtiny85 Microprocessor
    • Why the 555 Still ROCKS After Half a Century
    • Implementing Reverse Polarity Protection
    • Introduction to Flip-Flops
    • 7 Implementations of a Latching Circuit
    • The LM334Z Constant Current Source
    • Introducing Operational Amplifiers featuring the LM741
    • Opamps – A Deeper Look
    • Introduction to Filters
    • 9 Ways to Implement Sinewave Oscillators
    • The 74HC595 Shift Register
    • The LM355 Temperature Sensor
    • Examining Voltage Regulators
  • Learning Lab Advanced
    • Practical Guide to PASSING EMC Compliance Tests (IEC 61000-4-x & CISPR 11)
    • The USB port as a source of power
    • Troubleshooting I2C Issues
    • Examining TVS’s for system-level ESD protection
    • An In-Depth look at LDO noise
    • Clearing the ambiguity with grounding in mixed-signal systems
    • The 5-step BLUEPRINT for a PCB layout for a step-down converter
    • A simple checklist for troubleshooting power-supply startup problems
    • The ULTIMATE showdown! Linear vs. switched-mode power supplies
    • HACKS for high-speed circuit measurement
    • Design of a low-cost push-pull DC-DC converter
    • Implementing open-circuit protection for LED drivers
    • Exploring a linear Li-ion battery charger
    • Dealing with inrush currents for linear-regulators
    • Exploring the claims of superior efficiency of synchronous converters
    • Design of a low-cost push-pull DC-DC converter
  • Skills
  • Blog
  • Contact
Ahmad Sarraj - Electrical Engineer
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  • Ahmad
  • August 23, 2025
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